{"id":4230,"date":"2023-05-09T15:48:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T13:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/?page_id=4230"},"modified":"2023-05-09T17:08:31","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T15:08:31","slug":"historia-de-los-indiketes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/en\/history-of-the-indiketes\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the Indiketes"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4230\" class=\"elementor elementor-4230\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-386c4be0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"386c4be0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f083d93\" data-id=\"4f083d93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92deae8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92deae8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">History of the Indiketes<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f231c82 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f231c82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5b5fb0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d5b5fb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b20d41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b20d41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>The Indiketes were the Iberian people who inhabited the north-eastern region of Catalonia, known as Empord\u00e0 and its surrounding areas. The Iberian culture was forged at the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age (8th-2nd centuries BC).<\/p>\n<p>The Iberians occupied a strip of land stretching from the south of the Iberian Peninsula to the River Erau in the Languedoc region of France.<\/p>\n<p>It is assumed that they all spoke a similar language and at the end of the 5th century BC in the area from Alicante to the south of France an Iberian script was structured, which was written from left to right and which to date has not been deciphered, but its phonetic sounds are known.<\/p>\n<p>The oldest text that refers to this territory is the verses of Avieno's \"Ora Maritima\", which was based on older texts, probably from the 6th century B.C. It explains a voyage on a ship coming from the south, after the coast of Barcelona:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e312e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6e312e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2929119 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2929119\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 Mapa de la Indikecia\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDI1OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5ydXRhZGVsc2luZGlrZXRlcy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC8xLU1hcGEtZGUtbGEtSW5kaWtlY2lhLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"745\" height=\"994\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4258\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia.jpg 745w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Map of Indiketia<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeff181 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eeff181\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08f4535 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"08f4535\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78f392e e-transform elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78f392e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:270,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUOTE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ee6b86 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0ee6b86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1390a02 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"1390a02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-quote-left\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 256h-80v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8c-88.4 0-160 71.6-160 160v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-288 0H96v-64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64h8c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V56c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24h-8C71.6 32 0 103.6 0 192v240c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h128c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V304c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c76ab26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c76ab26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>... then come the rough Indiketes;<\/em><br \/><em>people this hard; people fierce in the hunt<\/em><br \/><em>and cave-dwelling. Cape Celebantic<\/em><br \/><em>then extends its back into the salty sea.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>That the city of Cypsela has been with him.<\/em><br \/><em>is now only a rumour, as no trace of the<\/em><br \/><em>the ancient city retains its rough soil.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Open there a harbour in a large gulf and in a large<\/em><br \/><em>the sea penetrates the concave land,<\/em><br \/><em>after which the Indikecio coastline is laid down.<\/em><br \/><em>to the apex of Cape Pyrenees.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Behind that coastline, the<\/em><br \/><em>Malodes mountain, and two stumbling blocks arise<\/em><br \/><em>heading towards the clouds the double top.<\/em><br \/><em>Among these, a harbour lies extensively,<\/em><br \/><em>the sea not being exposed to any wind.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>The summits of the rocks, with their breakwaters in front of them,<\/em><br \/><em>girdle all the flanks and between the rocky areas<\/em><br \/><em>the sea abyss shelters quietly,<\/em><br \/><em>the sea lies at rest, the sea remains motionless in its confinement.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27eb37a elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"27eb37a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-quote-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M464 32H336c-26.5 0-48 21.5-48 48v128c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h80v64c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64h-8c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v48c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h8c88.4 0 160-71.6 160-160V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-288 0H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v128c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h80v64c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64h-8c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v48c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h8c88.4 0 160-71.6 160-160V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70638d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"70638d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7382e89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7382e89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d6d5fdc\" data-id=\"d6d5fdc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a0bf78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a0bf78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p>In the 7th century BC the Indiketas established trade contacts with Phoenicians and Etruscans. And years later with Greeks, so that between 575-550 BC, Phoenician colonisers (from Ph\u00f4kaia, a Greek city in Asia Minor) settled on the islet of Sant Mart\u00ed d'Empuries, and shortly afterwards they moved to the coast, founding the city of Emporion (Empuries) together with the Indiketes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4259\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4259\" style=\"width: 763px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-Indika_-capital-de-los-Indiketes.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4259 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-Indika_-capital-de-los-Indiketes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"763\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-Indika_-capital-de-los-Indiketes.jpg 763w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-Indika_-capital-de-los-Indiketes-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-Indika_-capital-de-los-Indiketes-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 763px) 100vw, 763px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4259\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Indika: Capital of the Indiketes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It is assumed that the capital of the Indiketes was Indika, located further south, on the puig de Sant Andreu and on the island of Reixac, near the present-day village of Ullastret. You can see a 3D reconstruction of the city in this video:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e19ceb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"e19ceb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/73HOao7W7oA&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e29dc26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e29dc26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>From this period onwards, the first Iberian habitat constructions with planned urban planning made of stone with a quadrangular floor plan are documented. The settlements (oppidum) of Mas Castellar (Pontos), Ullastret, Castell (Palam\u00f3s), Peralada, etc. were consolidated.<\/p>\n<p>The territory occupied by the Indiketes was larger than that delimited by the Indiketes Route, as their southern border was supposed to be the River Tordera, in the present-day town of Blanes. The Indiketes therefore occupied Upper and Lower Empord\u00e0 and a large part of the counties of Giron\u00e8s, Pla de l'Estany and La Selva. The most important settlements in this area (oppidum) are Puig d'en Rovira (Quart), Mas Castell (Porqueres), Sant Juli\u00e0 de Ramis and Montbarbat (between the municipalities of Lloret de Mar and Ma\u00e7anet de la Selva).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4260\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4260\" style=\"width: 855px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/3-Plato-de-pescado-del-Mas-Castellar-Pontos.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4260 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/3-Plato-de-pescado-del-Mas-Castellar-Pontos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"855\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/3-Plato-de-pescado-del-Mas-Castellar-Pontos.jpg 855w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/3-Plato-de-pescado-del-Mas-Castellar-Pontos-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/3-Plato-de-pescado-del-Mas-Castellar-Pontos-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/3-Plato-de-pescado-del-Mas-Castellar-Pontos-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 855px) 100vw, 855px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4260\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fish dish from Mas Castellar (Pont\u00f3s)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>From 525 BC iron metallurgy began, with clear evidence of this at Illa d'en Reixac (Ullastret) and shortly afterwards, in 515 BC, the first coins were minted in Emporion.<\/p>\n<p>In 375 BC the Greek settlement of Rhode (Roses) was founded by Greeks from Massalia (present-day Marseilles), entering the period of the expansion of the Indiketes.<\/p>\n<p>The ports of Emporion and Rhodes were the driving force behind the great commercial strength of the Indiketia, in addition to the development and expansion of cereal farming throughout the territory. Communication was by land via the millenary Via Heraclea and the so-called Cam\u00ed d'Empuries and its many branches; and also by river, since following the course of the rivers Fluvi\u00e0 and Ter it was possible to reach the interior of the territory, both from the Greek city and from Ullastret.<\/p>\n<p>The Indiketes copied the pottery-making techniques of the Greeks and created their own style by decorating them with white paint. They also made use of metallurgy, first with bronze and especially with iron from the 5th century BC onwards. They also made jewellery for their personal supplies (earrings, rings, fibulae, etc.) and made textiles for their clothing, especially wool and linen, and used esparto grass and skins for footwear. Coins were also made at the Emp\u00f9ries mint with the legend Untikesken, which means \"of the Indiketes\".<\/p>\n<p>In 226 BC Rome and Carthage signed the so-called Treaty of the Ebro, which had disastrous consequences for the Indiketes, as a few years later the Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca broke it by attacking the Iberian city of Sagunto, an ally of Rome, and then launched himself with a large army towards Italy, starting the Second Punic War.<\/p>\n<p>After crossing the Pyrenees, the Romans asked the Indiketes to land troops at Emporion to cut off Hannibal's rearguard, which was granted. Thus, in 218 BC, a large Roman army landed, commanded by Cnaeus Publius Cornelius Scipio.<\/p>\n<p>In 206 BC the Romans finally defeated the Carthaginians, but they did not abandon the spearhead they had established in the city of Emporion and began to demand taxes (stipendium), a fact that was not accepted by the Indiketes, so that in 197 BC a great revolt broke out.<\/p>\n<p>The Romans sent the consul Marcus Porcius Cato the Elder to pacify the area. On his arrival with the warships, the first thing he did was to land at Rhode (Roses) and put down the resistance of the Indian garrison (supposedly located at Puig Rom).<\/p>\n<p>Afterwards, the bulk of the Roman army landed at Emporion (Empuries), and Cato the Elder made his stronghold there. It is estimated that he had a total of 50,000 men (two legions, eight thousand infantry, fifteen thousand allies (the Iberian Ilergetes, commanded by their king Bilistages), 800 horsemen from the consular army, two thousand infantry and two hundred horsemen for each of the praetors.<\/p>\n<p>For its part, the Indiketa army consisted of some 40,000 men, mostly peasants and inhabitants of the various oppidums in the region. The few professional soldiers were armed with a panoply of Celtic influence, of the La Tene type, with a leather or metal helmet of the Montefortino type, a straight sword, a wooden spear with metal ends and an oval shield.<\/p>\n<p>When Cato felt that the troops were ready to engage the natives in the open, the troops moved to castra hiberna, a second camp 3000 paces from the city on the mainland, in enemy-held territory, from where he whipped the rebels at night by burning their fields and stealing their crops and livestock, demoralising the enemy, training his troops in combat and assisting the Ilergetes allies.<\/p>\n<p>The battle is supposed to have taken place a few kilometres from Emporion, to the west of the Creu de Ventall\u00f3 mountain range and the Sant Grau mountain. The Roman victory was total, completely annihilating the little-trained Indian army. In this context, the Romans forced them to abandon the Greek settlement of Rodhes, the Iberian city of Ullastret and many other settlements such as Mas Castellar (Pont\u00f3s), Castell Barri (Calonge), Puig Castellet (Lloret de Mar), etc.<\/p>\n<p>In the year 71 BC, the Roman consul Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, in the context of a civil war, defeated General Sertorius, supported by various Iberian tribes, and in commemoration of this he had the so-called Trophies of Pompey (which were discovered in 1995 in the Coll de Panissars, in the municipality of La Jonquera) erected over the pass of the ancient Via Heraclea (the future Via Augusta).<br \/><br \/><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4261\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4261\" style=\"width: 669px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/4-Ruinas-del-monumento-de-Pompeyo-el-Grande-en-el-Coll-de-Panissars_-en-La-Jonquera.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4261 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/4-Ruinas-del-monumento-de-Pompeyo-el-Grande-en-el-Coll-de-Panissars_-en-La-Jonquera.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"669\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/4-Ruinas-del-monumento-de-Pompeyo-el-Grande-en-el-Coll-de-Panissars_-en-La-Jonquera.jpg 669w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/4-Ruinas-del-monumento-de-Pompeyo-el-Grande-en-el-Coll-de-Panissars_-en-La-Jonquera-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/4-Ruinas-del-monumento-de-Pompeyo-el-Grande-en-el-Coll-de-Panissars_-en-La-Jonquera-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4261\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruins of the monument of Pompey the Great at the Coll de Panissars in La Jonquera<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-571e56b elementor-alert-warning elementor-widget elementor-widget-alert\" data-id=\"571e56b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"alert.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-alert\" role=\"alert\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-alert-title\">Note<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-alert-description\">The enigmatic city of Cypcela (or Kypcela), described by Rufus Festus Avienus, has not yet been discovered. Some hypotheses suggest that it could be the Iberian capital of Indika (Ullastret). Our opinion is that it may have disappeared in a tsunami or it may have been buried under the sand at the foot of Begur, in the Sorreras de Can Mateu and Puig Broc\u00e0, as the coastline was much further inland than it is today. It would therefore be in what was known in the geology of the time as the \"Palafrugell Corridor\". Following this theory, the two rocks (or reefs) mentioned by Avieno could be the Montgr\u00ed and Begur massifs.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdbe426 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cdbe426\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/5-Mapa-de-la-geologia-de-lEmporda.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"5 Mapa de la geolog\u00eda de l&#039;Empord\u00e0_\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDI2MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5ydXRhZGVsc2luZGlrZXRlcy5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC81LU1hcGEtZGUtbGEtZ2VvbG9naWEtZGUtbEVtcG9yZGEuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"788\" height=\"642\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/5-Mapa-de-la-geologia-de-lEmporda.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4262\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/5-Mapa-de-la-geologia-de-lEmporda.jpg 788w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/5-Mapa-de-la-geologia-de-lEmporda-300x244.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/5-Mapa-de-la-geologia-de-lEmporda-768x626.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/5-Mapa-de-la-geologia-de-lEmporda-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Map of the geology of l'Empord\u00e0<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los Indiketes era el pueblo \u00edbero que habitaba la regi\u00f3n norte oriental de Catalu\u00f1a, lo que se conoce con el nombre de Ampurd\u00e1n y sus \u00e1reas pr\u00f3ximas. La cultura \u00edbera se forj\u00f3 a finales de la edad del bronce e inicios de la edad del hierro (siglos VIII-II a.C). Los iberos ocuparon una franja que [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4230","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Historia de los Indiketes-Ruta dels Indiketes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/en\/history-of-the-indiketes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historia de los Indiketes-Ruta dels Indiketes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Los Indiketes era el pueblo \u00edbero que habitaba la regi\u00f3n norte oriental de Catalu\u00f1a, lo que se conoce con el nombre de Ampurd\u00e1n y sus \u00e1reas pr\u00f3ximas. La cultura \u00edbera se forj\u00f3 a finales de la edad del bronce e inicios de la edad del hierro (siglos VIII-II a.C). Los iberos ocuparon una franja que [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/en\/history-of-the-indiketes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ruta dels Indiketes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-09T15:08:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/\",\"name\":\"Historia de los Indiketes-Ruta dels Indiketes\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-09T13:48:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-09T15:08:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/1-Mapa-de-la-Indikecia.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/historia-de-los-indiketes\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/ca\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Historia de los Indiketes\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/\",\"name\":\"Ruta dels Indiketes\",\"description\":\"S&oacute;lo otro sitio de WordPress\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Historia de los Indiketes-Ruta dels Indiketes","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.rutadelsindiketes.com\/en\/history-of-the-indiketes\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Historia de los Indiketes-Ruta dels Indiketes","og_description":"Los Indiketes era el pueblo \u00edbero que habitaba la regi\u00f3n norte oriental de Catalu\u00f1a, lo que se conoce con el nombre de Ampurd\u00e1n y sus \u00e1reas pr\u00f3ximas. 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